8/31/2007
Stop the deportation of Pegah Emambakhsh
متن فارسی قانون مجازات اسلامی
Islamic Republic of Iran's punishment code on Homosexuality
Appendix
Complete Text of the Iranian Law on Homosexuality
Part Two: The Hadd of Lavat
Chapter One: The Definition of Lavat
Article 108: Lavat is an act of congress [vati] between males whether in [the form of] penetration or of tafkhiz (the rubbing of thighs/of the penis against thighs).
Article 109: Both the active and passive partners to lavat are subject to the hadd [punishment].
Article 110: The hadd [punishment] for lavat where penetration has occurred is death and the method of execution is at the discretion of the Sharia judge.
Article 111: Lavat is punishable by death so long as both the active and passive partners are mature, of sound mind, and have acted of free will.
Article 112: If a mature man commits an act of lavat with a minor the active partner [i.e. mature man] will be executed and the passive partner will, unless he has acted under duress, receive up to 74 lashes of the whip.
Article 113: Whenever a minor commits an act of congress [vati: i.e. whether penetrative or in the form of “tafkhiz or similar acts”] with another minor [both] will receive up to 74 lashes unless one of them has acted under duress.
Chapter Two: Methods of Proving Lavat
Article 114: The hadd [crime] of lavat is proven by confession repeated four times before a Sharia judge.
Article 115: Less than four confessions do not incur the hadd [punishment] and the person who confesses will be subject to a discretionary punishment [ta‘zir].
Article 116: Confession is valid when the confessor is mature, of sound mind, in control, has free will and [acts with] intention.
Article 117: The hadd [crime] of lavat is proven by the witness of four just men who have observed the act.
Article 118: The hadd [crime] of lavat is not proven by the witness of fewer than four just men and the witnesses will be subject the hadd [punishment] for slander (qazaf).
Article 119: The witness of women alone, or in conjunction with men, does not prove the hadd [crime] of lavat.
Article 120: The Shari’a judge may rule [issue a verdict] on the basis of the knowledge which he has acquired through generally accepted methods (i.e. his deductions and examinations).
Article 121: The hadd [crime] of tafkhiz and similar acts between two men, without penetration, will be punished by 100 lashes for each [party to the act].
Note to Article 121: If the active partner is non-Muslim and the passive partner is Muslim the punishment for the active partner is death.
Article 122: If tafkhiz and similar acts are repeated three times, and have each time incurred the hadd punishment on the fourth offence the hadd (punishment) will be death.
Article 123: If two men, unrelated to one another, lie, without necessity, naked under the same cover, they will each be punished by up to 99 lashes of the whip.
Article 124: If a man kisses another with lascivious intent they will be punished by up to 60 lashes of the whip.
Article 125: If a man who has committed an act of sodomy (lavat) or the rubbing of thighs (tafkhiz) or similar acts repents before witnesses have delivered their testimony he will not be subject to the hadd punishment. If the man repents after the testimonies have been delivered, he will be subject to the hadd punishment.
Article 126: If sodomy (lavat) or the rubbing of thighs (tafkhiz) or similar acts is established by confession, and the person who has confessed subsequently repents, the judge may request the Vali-ye Amr [the Supreme Leader] to exercise clemency.
Chapter Three: Lesbianism (mosaheqeh)
Article 127: Mosaheqeh is a same sex relationship between women with genital contact.
Article 128: The methods of proving mosaheqeh are the same as those for sodomy.
Article 129: The hadd punishment for mosaheqeh is 100 lashes of the whip for each party.
Article 130: The hadd crime of mosaheqeh may be proven in the case of those who are mature, of sound mind, and who have acted with intention.
Note: In the hadd crime of mosaheqeh there is no distinction between the active and passive party or between Muslim and non-Muslim parties [to the act].
Article 131: If mosaheqeh is repeated three times and the hadd has been carried out on each occasion, the hadd punishment on the fourth occasion will be death.
Article 132: If a person who has committed an act of mosaheqeh repents before witnesses have delivered their testimony she will not be subject to the hadd punishment. If the person repents after the testimonies have been delivered, she will be subject to the hadd punishment.
Article 133: If the act of mosaheqeh is established by confession, and the person who has confessed subsequently repents, the judge may request the Vali-ye Amr [the Supreme Leader] to exercise clemency.
Article 134: If two women, who are unrelated to one another, lie, without necessity, naked under the same cover, they will each be punished by less than 100 lashes of the whip. If the act is repeated and the ta‘zir punishment is in each case administered, on the third occasion the hadd punishment of 100 lashes will be incurred.
Islamic Republic of Iran's punishment code on Homosexuality
Appendix
Complete Text of the Iranian Law on Homosexuality
Part Two: The Hadd of Lavat
Chapter One: The Definition of Lavat
Article 108: Lavat is an act of congress [vati] between males whether in [the form of] penetration or of tafkhiz (the rubbing of thighs/of the penis against thighs).
Article 109: Both the active and passive partners to lavat are subject to the hadd [punishment].
Article 110: The hadd [punishment] for lavat where penetration has occurred is death and the method of execution is at the discretion of the Sharia judge.
Article 111: Lavat is punishable by death so long as both the active and passive partners are mature, of sound mind, and have acted of free will.
Article 112: If a mature man commits an act of lavat with a minor the active partner [i.e. mature man] will be executed and the passive partner will, unless he has acted under duress, receive up to 74 lashes of the whip.
Article 113: Whenever a minor commits an act of congress [vati: i.e. whether penetrative or in the form of “tafkhiz or similar acts”] with another minor [both] will receive up to 74 lashes unless one of them has acted under duress.
Chapter Two: Methods of Proving Lavat
Article 114: The hadd [crime] of lavat is proven by confession repeated four times before a Sharia judge.
Article 115: Less than four confessions do not incur the hadd [punishment] and the person who confesses will be subject to a discretionary punishment [ta‘zir].
Article 116: Confession is valid when the confessor is mature, of sound mind, in control, has free will and [acts with] intention.
Article 117: The hadd [crime] of lavat is proven by the witness of four just men who have observed the act.
Article 118: The hadd [crime] of lavat is not proven by the witness of fewer than four just men and the witnesses will be subject the hadd [punishment] for slander (qazaf).
Article 119: The witness of women alone, or in conjunction with men, does not prove the hadd [crime] of lavat.
Article 120: The Shari’a judge may rule [issue a verdict] on the basis of the knowledge which he has acquired through generally accepted methods (i.e. his deductions and examinations).
Article 121: The hadd [crime] of tafkhiz and similar acts between two men, without penetration, will be punished by 100 lashes for each [party to the act].
Note to Article 121: If the active partner is non-Muslim and the passive partner is Muslim the punishment for the active partner is death.
Article 122: If tafkhiz and similar acts are repeated three times, and have each time incurred the hadd punishment on the fourth offence the hadd (punishment) will be death.
Article 123: If two men, unrelated to one another, lie, without necessity, naked under the same cover, they will each be punished by up to 99 lashes of the whip.
Article 124: If a man kisses another with lascivious intent they will be punished by up to 60 lashes of the whip.
Article 125: If a man who has committed an act of sodomy (lavat) or the rubbing of thighs (tafkhiz) or similar acts repents before witnesses have delivered their testimony he will not be subject to the hadd punishment. If the man repents after the testimonies have been delivered, he will be subject to the hadd punishment.
Article 126: If sodomy (lavat) or the rubbing of thighs (tafkhiz) or similar acts is established by confession, and the person who has confessed subsequently repents, the judge may request the Vali-ye Amr [the Supreme Leader] to exercise clemency.
Chapter Three: Lesbianism (mosaheqeh)
Article 127: Mosaheqeh is a same sex relationship between women with genital contact.
Article 128: The methods of proving mosaheqeh are the same as those for sodomy.
Article 129: The hadd punishment for mosaheqeh is 100 lashes of the whip for each party.
Article 130: The hadd crime of mosaheqeh may be proven in the case of those who are mature, of sound mind, and who have acted with intention.
Note: In the hadd crime of mosaheqeh there is no distinction between the active and passive party or between Muslim and non-Muslim parties [to the act].
Article 131: If mosaheqeh is repeated three times and the hadd has been carried out on each occasion, the hadd punishment on the fourth occasion will be death.
Article 132: If a person who has committed an act of mosaheqeh repents before witnesses have delivered their testimony she will not be subject to the hadd punishment. If the person repents after the testimonies have been delivered, she will be subject to the hadd punishment.
Article 133: If the act of mosaheqeh is established by confession, and the person who has confessed subsequently repents, the judge may request the Vali-ye Amr [the Supreme Leader] to exercise clemency.
Article 134: If two women, who are unrelated to one another, lie, without necessity, naked under the same cover, they will each be punished by less than 100 lashes of the whip. If the act is repeated and the ta‘zir punishment is in each case administered, on the third occasion the hadd punishment of 100 lashes will be incurred.
8/25/2007
8/19/2007
'افزایش اعدامها در ایران
14:40 گرينويچ - يکشنبه 19 اوت 2007 - 28 مرداد 1386
'افزایش اعدامها در ایران به جرم براندازی'
هفته نامه آبزرور، چاپ لندن، در شماره روز یکشنبه (19 اوت) در گزارشی از تهران به نقل از منتقدان حکومت و دولت ایران آورده که در یک ماه گذشته بالغ بر سی نفر در زندان های این کشور و همچنان انظار عمومی اعدام شده اند که هدف از اجرای این احکام خاموش کردن صدای فعالان سیاسی بوده است. رابرت تیت، نگارنده این گزارش از تهران، می گوید این اعدام ها در بحبوحه برخورد شدید نظام جمهوری اسلامی با "توطئه های آمریکایی برای براندازی حکومت" صورت گرفته است.گزارش آبزرور آورده ظاهرا بسیاری از این اعدام ها در انظار عمومی اجرا شده تا جوی از ارعاب را به وجود آورد و همچنین حامل پیامی کوبنده برای غرب باشد.این هفته نامه به نقل از منابع مخالف با حکومت ایران می نویسد دست کم سه نفر از فعالان سیاسی در میان اعدام شدگان یک ماه اخیر بوده اند و این نشان می دهد که بر خلاف ادعای دولت ایران فقط "اراذل و اوباش" را اعدام نمی کند. به گفته رابرت تیت اعدام های اخیر همچنین مصادف شده با سرکوب فعالان دانشجویی و دانشگاهیان که متهم اند تلاش داشته اند با حمایت ایالات متحده "انقلابی نرم" را در ایران پایه ریزی کنند.آبزرور در ادامه به اعدام "مجید کاووسی فر"، 28 ساله، و برادرزاده اش "حسین" اشاره می کند که به جرم قتل قاضی حسن احمدی مقدس، سرپرست مجتمع قضائی موسوم به ارشاد، به تازگی اعدام شدند. این هفته نامه می نویسد که قاضی مقدس به برخورد شدید با فعالان سیاسی و زندانی کردن آنها شهرت داشته است. مجید و حسین کاووسی فر از یک جرثقیل و بر فراز یک خیابان پرتردد تهران به دار آویخته شدند.نگارنده این گزارش توضیح می دهد که نمایش دار زدن این دو نفر، که اولین اعدام در انظار عمومی در تهران در پنج سال گذشته بوده، در مقابل ساختمان مرکزی دادگستری و مکانی که قاضی مقدس در آن به قتل رسید، انجام شد. این محل، که نزدیک دفاتر کاری متعدد و سفارتخانه های استرالیا و ژاپن قرار دارد محل تردد طبقه متوسط ساکن تهران است، کسانی که معمولا شاهد چنین صحنه هایی نیستند.روز قبل از اعدام این افراد، هفت مرد دیگر در شهر مشهد در انظار عمومی اعدام شدند. مسئولان ایران گفتند که پنج تن از آنها به جرم "تجاوز جنسی، آدم ربایی، سرقت و ارتکاب به اقدام های شنیع دیگر" اعدام شده اند. دو تن دیگر هم به طور جداگانه به خاطر تجاوز جنسی و سرقت از یک زن جوان اعدام شدند. تصاویر این اعدام ها به صورت زنده از تلویزیون دولتی ایران پخش شد.رابرت تیت، گزارشگر هفته نامه آبزرور، می نویسد اعدام در انظار عمومی کمتر در ایران اجرا می شود و فقط برای مواردی استفاده می شود که جنایت صورت گرفته باعث خشم عمومی شده باشد مثل قتل زنجیره ای کودکان معروف به پرونده "بیجه".این هفته نامه در بخش دیگری از این گزارش به نقل از سازمان های مدافع حقوق بشر آورده که شمار زندانیانی که از آغاز سال جاری اعدام شده به 150 نفر می رسد این در حالی است که کل آمار اعدام های سال 2006، صد و هفتاد و هفت نفر بوده است. به گفته آنها از زمانی که محمود احمدی نژاد رییس جمهور ایران شده است آمار اعدام ها به شدت افزایش داشته است.اخیرا دولت جمهوری اسلامی طرحی را برای مقابله با قاتلان، متجاوزان جنسی، قاچاقچیان مواد مخدر و کسانی که برای "امنیت جامعه خطرناک" هستند، راه اندازی کرده است. به نوشته آبزرور این برنامه موجی از بازداشت ها را در محله های کارگری تهران و دیگر شهرها را به دنبال داشته است. نگارنده این گزارش می نویسد نیروی انتظامی بازداشت شدگان را در خیابان های تهران به صف کشیده و اغلب در شرایطی "خفت آمیز" به نمایش گذاشته است.این هفته نامه در ادامه آورده تبلیغات دولت ایران در مورد اعدام هایی که در زندان ها صورت گرفته نیز گسترده بوده است. ماه پیش تلویزیون دولتی ایران فیلمی را پخش کرد که در آن دوازده محکوم به اعدام پیش از اجرای حکم در زندان اوین از کرده خود ابراز پیشمانی کرده اند.مقامات ایران گفتند که محکومان متهم به "تجاوز جنسی، لوات، ضرب و شتم" بوده اند.رابرت تیت به نقل از مخالفان حکومت ایران می نویسد که دست کم سه تن از این افراد فعال سیاسی بوده اند اما هویت این افراد را به هفته نامه آبزرور افشا نکردند.سایت اینترنتی "عصر ایران"، متعلق به دولت ایران، این ادعاها را رد و آن را "دروغ" توصیف کرده است.آبزرور همچنین به ادعاهای مدافعان حقوق همجنسگرایان اشاره دارد که گفته اند تعدادی از مردان همجنسگرا در میان اعدام شدگان بوده اند. قوانین ایران برای روابط همجنسگرایانه، زنا، خرابکاری، سرقت مسلحانه، قاچاق مواد مخدر و ترک دین اسلام اشد مجازات مرگ را در نظر گرفته است.رابرت تیت در ادامه به این موضوع اشاره می کند که جمهوری اسلامی از جمله کشورهای جهان است که در صدور و اجرای حکم اعدام بسیار فعال بوده است و به لحاظ شمار اعدام ها بعد از چین، رده دوم در جهان را به خود اختصاص داده است.آبزرور به نقل از گروه های مدافع حقوق بشر آورده که در ابعاد جهانی ایران بدترین پیشینه را در اعدام جوانانی دارد که در سنین زیر هجده سال مرتکب جرم شده اند. اما به نوشته رابرت تیت برخی مقامات در ایران از برخوردهای اخیر استقبال نکرده اند. آیت الله محمود هاشمی شاهرودی، رییس قوه قضائیه که نسبتا میانه روست، علنا از دولت احمدی نژاد انتقاد کرده است.آقای شاهرودی همچنین در اعتراض به جو اختناق به مقامات دستور داده در مورد برخی ادعاها که فعالان دانشجویی اخیرا در زندان اوین شکنجه شده اند، تحقیق کنند.هفته نامه آبزرور در پایان این گزارش همچنین اشاره می کند به سرپیچی مسئولان قضائی قزوین از دستور آقای شاهروردی و اجرای حکم سنگسار مردی در این استان و این که این موضوع موجب ناخشنودی زیاد رییس قوه قضائیه ایران شده است.
این هفته نامه در نهایت نتیجه گیری می کند به هر حال این طور که به نظر می رسد اعدام ها در این کشور همچنان ادامه خواهد داشت
Iran hangs 30 over 'US plots'
Surge in public executions is a push to silence political activists, say critics
Robert Tait in Tehran
Sunday August 19, 2007
Observer
Iran has hanged up to 30 people in the past month amid a clampdown prompted by alleged US-backed plots to topple the regime, The Observer can reveal.
Many executions have been carried out in public in an apparent bid to create a climate of intimidation while sending out uncompromising signals to the West. Opposition sources say at least three of the dead were political activists, contradicting government insistence that it is targeting 'thugs' and dangerous criminals. The executions have coincided with a crackdown on student activists and academics accused of trying to foment a 'soft revolution' with US support.
The most high-profile recent executions involved Majid Kavousifar, 28, and his nephew, Hossein Kavousifar, 24, hanged for the murder of a hardline judge, Hassan Moghaddas, a man notorious for jailing political dissidents. They were hanged from cranes and hoisted high above one of Tehran's busiest thoroughfares.
The spectacle, the first public executions in Tehran for five years, took place outside the judiciary department headquarters where Moghaddas was murdered. But the location, near many office blocks and the Australian and Japanese embassies, meant they were seen by many middle-class Iranians who would not normally witness such events.
The previous day seven men were publicly executed in the north-eastern city of Masshad, including five said to be guilty of 'rape, kidnapping, theft and committing indecent acts'. Another two were hanged separately for raping and robbing a young woman. The executions were also shown live on state television.
Public hangings are normally carried out sparingly in Iran and reserved for cases that have provoked public outrage, such as serial murders or child killings. Human rights organisations say the rising death toll has brought the number of prisoners executed this year to about 150, compared to 177 in 2006, a dramatic increase in capital punishment since the country's radical President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, took office two years ago.
The executions come after the government launched a campaign targeting murderers, sex offenders, drug traffickers and others cast as a threat to 'social security'. It resulted in a wave of arrests after police raided working-class neighbourhoods in Tehran and other cities. Those arrested were paraded in public, often in humiliating poses.
The government has also sought to publicise executions conducted behind closed doors. Last month state television broadcast footage of 12 condemned men as they were about to be hanged in Tehran's Evin prison. The authorities said they had been guilty of 'rape, sodomy and assault and battery'. Opposition sources say at least three were political activists, though they have not disclosed their identities. Asiran, a government website, dismissed the claims as 'lies'.
International gay rights campaigners have also said that homosexual men were among the executed. Homosexuality is a capital offence in Iran, along with adultery, espionage, armed robbery, drug trafficking and apostasy.
Iran has long been one of the world's most prolific exponents of the death penalty and ranks second only to China in the number of executions. Human rights groups say it has the world's worst record for executions for crimes committed when the defendant was under 18.
However, there have been signs of official disquiet over the recent trend. Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, the relatively moderate judiciary chief, has made an apparent protest by openly criticising Ahmadinejad's government on a range of issues. He also signalled displeasure with the repressive climate by ordering officials to investigate claims that student activists were tortured during a recent detention in Evin prison.
Shahroudi is believed to have been unhappy over the stoning to death last month of a man convicted of adultery after he had ordered a stay of execution.
However, the spate of executions seems likely to continue. Tehran's hardline chief prosecutor, Saeed Mortazavi, has announced that he is seeking the death penalty against 17 'hooligans'.
Guardian Unlimited © Guardian News and Media Limited 2007
8/18/2007
Human rights situation in Iran
women life in iran
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hejab in Iran
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ETTEHAM - MAHOUR IRAN RAP : MANI TURKZADEH FILM
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8/15/2007
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